Abstract for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease- myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theAbstract for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Answer: Emphysema can be defined as a chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder that results in the destruction of the elasticity of the lungs resulting in permanent air spaces enlargement and affecting the alveolar walls largely. When the alveoli gets damaged, the old air in the alveoli get no space for new fresh oxygen. Usually irritants from cigarette smoke, marijuana smoke or pollutants may result in occurrence of the symptoms of the disorder (Steiger et al. 2017). This causes shortness of breath. The anti protease enzyme protects the lungs from the action of protease in normal condition. The irritant causes inflammation of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes and alveolar macrophages resulting in secretion of proteases. The irritants reduce the activity of the anti protease enzyme and therefore the protease gets the chance to affect the lungs causing emphysema. Different types of medications can be used like the short acting bronchodialators, long acting bronchodialators, long acting beta agon ists, long-acting muscarinic agonist, Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, Anti-inflammatory therapy, antibiotics, mucolytic agents, Proton pump inhibitors and many others. One of the most important class of drug is the beta 2 agonist which mainly helps in dilation of the lungs by increasing of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway (Wysham et al. 2017). The patient can administer them by inhalation mode. They can work within a short time of 15 minutes, and the effects will remain three to four hours. Different types of side effects may include tremors, tachycardia, hypo- or hypertension as well as hypokalemia. The nurses can develop a detailed knowledge about the pathophysiology of the disorder so that they can understand the ways by which the irritants are affecting their patients. In order to help the patients live better quality lives, the nurses can also develop good knowledge about the pharmacology of the disorder and thus provide effective medication to them. References: Steiger, D., Filopei, J., Siddiqi, M., Yip, R., Yankelevitz, D. and Henschke, C., 2017. Evidence Of Emphysema In A Cohort Of Participants Without Symptoms Undergoing Low Dose Chest CT Screening For Lung Cancer. InC30. Lung Cancer Screening: Who, Why, Where, And How Much(Pp. A5177-A5177). American Thoracic Society. Wysham, N., Ekstrom, M., Mathews, A., Xie, J., Qin, X. and MacIntyre, N., 2017. Mechanisms Of Hypercapnea In Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Secondary Analysis Of The National Emphysema Treatment Trial. InC80-B. Multi-Modality Assessment Of Copd, Asthma, And Asthma-Copd Overlap SYNDROME(pp. A6485-A6485). American Thoracic Society.