Essay about A Diagnosis of Cancer is Life Changing Experience

A diagnosis of cancer is life changing and affects the whole family. It has been documented in some studies that family members experience equal if not higher levels of anxiety or depression than the cancer patient themselves (Hacialioglu et al, 2010). Hasson et al (2010) found that spouses of patients who had been diagnosed with advanced breast cancer reported more psychological distress than patients and were above the clinical cutoff. These results are comparable with a study carried out by Hodges and Humphris (2009) in which caregivers’ of patients who had been diagnosed with cancer had higher psychological distress and fear of recurrence than the patient. These results could potentially be associated with caregivers’ emotional strain†¦show more content†¦Longer-term survivors and caregivers were found to be more distress and anxious (3 years). Other studies confirmed this findings and reported partners had significantly higher levels of burden one year af ter treatment. This could be associated with caregivers’ expectation that the patient would quickly revert back to the role of partner (Schmid-Buchi et al, 2011; Moreira et al, 2013). Providing care for more than twenty hours a week was significantly associated with depression among caregivers. Greater impact on caregivers schedule also predicted to increase guilt (Jaafar et al, 2014; Spillers et al, 2008). However, Tang et al (2013) found providing end of life care for a relative, guilt was derived from lacking time to provide care. Therefore caregivers who spent 17-24 hours a day may have felt less deprived than those who provided 8 hours as the patient death approached. Carers’ distress increases as patients’ cancer progresses to more advanced and terminal stages, where the patient experiences more physical symptoms like pain. Given et al (2004) found a linear relationship existed between higher numbers of patients’ symptoms (pain, nausea, distress, de terioration) and caregivers’ level of depressive symptoms. Caregivers of patients receiving palliative care have high prevalence of psychological distress during bereavement. SixShow MoreRelatedCancer Is The Common Feeling Of Fear And Anxiety Of Life And Death Situation1417 Words   |  6 PagesCancer is the term which bring the common feeling of fear and anxiety of life and death situation. Each calendar period, more than a million individuals will be pronounced with tumor growth called cancer per annum conforming by the American Cancer Association. When learning about cancer was diagnosed at the first time, it is hard for client and loved ones to accept the reality of tumor or growth and hand out any kind of information has to be provided immediately after the diagnosis. All kind ofRead MoreApplying Standardized Terminologies : Caring For The Breast Cancer Patient1552 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the Breast Cancer Patient Throughout this paper the identification and application of standardized terminologies such as: The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) to identify the applicable diagnosis; Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) to construct a care-plan with diagnosis specific interventions; and the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) to evaluate the outcomes. This will be applied to a clinical patient scenario of newly diagnosed breast cancer; and present theRead MorePatho1203 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ PATHO DQ 2 The American Cancer Society (ACS) is a nationwide, community-based, voluntary health organization dedicated to eliminating cancer as a major health problem. Together with its supporters, ACS is committed to helping people stay well and get well by finding cures and by fighting back. 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According to The U.S Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory; they have created a biochip that can save the lives of many cancer patients. Medical biochip technology can diagnose specific cancers before patients become symptomatic (Technology, 2012). For example, a patient that has a tumor, althoughRead MoreThe University School Of Medicine978 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the whole person. Please describe how your personal characteristics or life experiences will contribute to the Georgetown University School of Medicine community and bring educational benefits to our student body. (1000 characters) Born in China, I grew up with Western medicine alongside thousands-years-old Traditional Chinese Medicine. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, diseases are thought to be due to an imbalance of life energy force (qi). While it has curative treatments, such as herbal medicine

Taking a Look at Earthquake Safety - 1293 Words

Since day one when I found that there is either 10 pages paper or a paper and a newsletter, I decided to go with the newsletter. At first I didn’t give it much thought, I was taking five classes and each class had a paper and presentation. I thought I had more time to think about it. As time was passing by I started to think about the topic for my newsletter and honestly I had no clue what I was going to talk about. I wanted it to interesting, something different than sexual harassment, which is talked about a lot and of course for a good reason, but still I wanted something else. Then one day I heard about the earthquake in California and it hit me. I said to myself this is something that we don’t talk about much in our classes and it does relate to Employee Health and Safety chapter. These days we don’t have to live in California to experience an earthquake and we don’t have to live in Florida to see a hurricane. With a global warming on the rise things change on a daily basis and a natural disaster may strike just about anywhere. So even though I decided to go with Earthquake Safety as my topic it doesn’t have to relate to things happening in California. Today’s economy I would think requires flexibility and more and more people are required to relocate for their job. Some people have just no idea about living in another state so for them it’s almost like living abroad, therefore, they need to be educated and trained in topics such natural disaster and how to prepareShow MoreRelatedStructural Systems And Earthquakes Disasters1160 Words   |  5 PagesStructural Systems and Earthquakes Catastrophes have been feared since the beginning of time. They occur in all shapes and sizes, and they have a variety of effects. One of the most shocking, as well as most devastating of these occurrences, is earthquakes. The earliest recorded earthquake happened in 1769 in California (United States Geological Survey, 2014). Since that day, hundreds of thousands of earthquakes occur each year. Earthquakes are an incredible act that is carried out randomly by aRead MoreEarthquakes Disasters Caused By Earthquakes1564 Words   |  7 PagesEarthquakes are an unfortunate consequence of, well, living on earth. While other hazards such as volcanos, tornados, floods, and wild fires all have clear visual indications that allow for us humans to get away from them, earthquakes are much more insidious than the aforementioned disasters because they have no such indicator and the damage they inflict is near instantaneous. Luckily for us humans, seismologists have spent a good portion of the 20t h century finding out why earthquakes occur, howRead MoreDisaster Preparedness : An Essential Component Of Development Policies And Planning1285 Words   |  6 Pagesrecovery: Staying safe after disaster: Although each type of disaster brings its own unique challenges, the steps listed here are applicable to many different situations you may face. For information on safety and recovery after specific types of disasters and emergencies. †¢ Check the area around you for safety. In the case of biological, chemical or radiological threats, listen for instructions on local radio or television stations about safe places to go. †¢ Have injuries treated by a medical professionalRead MoreHow Earth Is Shaped By Plate Tectonics1623 Words   |  7 Pageslithospheric plates and their movements. We also delved into one of the most infamous of natural disasters, earthquakes, which have impacted our area many times over the years. And, as always, I concluded the unit with an essay summarizing everything I have learned, from the layers of our planet to seismic waves and seismographs. What are lithospheric plates? How do they move? What causes earthquakes, and what do you do when one occurs? Be prepared to find out! In order to truly understand how Earth’sRead MoreFracking : Fracking And Its Effects On The Environment1286 Words   |  6 Pagesfracking statewide. Maryland has set a two year moratorium on fracking, so that more research can be done to show the impacts of fracking on the environment. Nationwide, many other cities and counties have banned fracking as well. All states should look into finding alternative sources of energy, instead of using devastating practices like fracking to extract non-renewable resources. Hydraulic fracturing is a technique that combines water mixed with chemicals that is then pumped into shale depositsRead More Nuclear Energy1400 Words   |  6 Pagesblank stare about her safety. Her sister told me jokingly that one day her children would go outside to play and come home radioactive. After that conversation, Shina became worried about the safety of her children and herself. After reading, an article called â€Å"Can Nuclear Power Plants Be Safer?† She learned that â€Å"[Nuclear power] accident are unlikely, they are far from impossible†¦[but] in the past the industry has tried to save money all too often by cutting corners on safety†(Lyman 34). This wasRead MoreDorthy Day ´s Reaction to Upton Sinclair ´s The Jungle Essay860 Words   |  4 Pagesfurther relate to the realities depicted in the novel. The Jungle dealt with the cruel and shocking truths behind the meat packing and processing business. Day was captivated by the stories of its characters. She was also largely responsible for taking care of her brother, John, as the family expected it of her. In her earlier years, Day would walk with John through the Park to relax and appreciate nature, but as she began to read Sinclairs work, she shifted the strolling routes to the poor districtRead MoreResearch On Nuclear Power And Ethics1592 Words   |  7 Pagesincreased dependency on fossil fuels. Thus this gives another prominent reason to look for more clean alternatives of fossil fuels. Nuclear Power is one of those clean alternatives. Nuclear Energy is one of the energy options being used worldwide that could be made more extensive because of its ability to not produce significant CO2 as compared to other fossil fuels, thus resulting in less global warming. However, when taking into account the aftermath of utilizing nuclea r energy, it is really importantRead MoreJapans Economic Efforts After the Earthquake and Tsunami of 20111146 Words   |  5 PagesBetter Future In the month of March 2011, Japan was struck hard by a natural disaster. This earthquake was known as the â€Å"Great East Japan Earthquake† which caused a tsunami (Euromonitor, 2013). Tourism in Japan was at a standstill for about year until 2012. During the year of 2011, Japanese people did not travel and â€Å"people refrained from leisure activities† (Euromonitor, 2013). About a year after the earthquake, tourism grew and there was â€Å"an increased desire to travel† (Euromonitor, 2013). The populationRead MoreThe Quest For Progress Is The Center Of Every Great Civilization1725 Words   |  7 Pagesfracking also presents environmental risks. Fracking is extremely controversial and there is also a fierce debate between people that are pros and cons of fracking. Some people think that we should stop using hydraulic fracturing because it affects the safety and health of residents that are living near the drilling sites, it also affects the livestock, kill fish es etc†¦ and they believe that fracking causes a lot of environmental problems such as contamination of the air and groundwater that will keep

Abstract for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease- myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theAbstract for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Answer: Emphysema can be defined as a chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder that results in the destruction of the elasticity of the lungs resulting in permanent air spaces enlargement and affecting the alveolar walls largely. When the alveoli gets damaged, the old air in the alveoli get no space for new fresh oxygen. Usually irritants from cigarette smoke, marijuana smoke or pollutants may result in occurrence of the symptoms of the disorder (Steiger et al. 2017). This causes shortness of breath. The anti protease enzyme protects the lungs from the action of protease in normal condition. The irritant causes inflammation of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes and alveolar macrophages resulting in secretion of proteases. The irritants reduce the activity of the anti protease enzyme and therefore the protease gets the chance to affect the lungs causing emphysema. Different types of medications can be used like the short acting bronchodialators, long acting bronchodialators, long acting beta agon ists, long-acting muscarinic agonist, Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, Anti-inflammatory therapy, antibiotics, mucolytic agents, Proton pump inhibitors and many others. One of the most important class of drug is the beta 2 agonist which mainly helps in dilation of the lungs by increasing of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway (Wysham et al. 2017). The patient can administer them by inhalation mode. They can work within a short time of 15 minutes, and the effects will remain three to four hours. Different types of side effects may include tremors, tachycardia, hypo- or hypertension as well as hypokalemia. The nurses can develop a detailed knowledge about the pathophysiology of the disorder so that they can understand the ways by which the irritants are affecting their patients. In order to help the patients live better quality lives, the nurses can also develop good knowledge about the pharmacology of the disorder and thus provide effective medication to them. References: Steiger, D., Filopei, J., Siddiqi, M., Yip, R., Yankelevitz, D. and Henschke, C., 2017. Evidence Of Emphysema In A Cohort Of Participants Without Symptoms Undergoing Low Dose Chest CT Screening For Lung Cancer. InC30. Lung Cancer Screening: Who, Why, Where, And How Much(Pp. A5177-A5177). American Thoracic Society. Wysham, N., Ekstrom, M., Mathews, A., Xie, J., Qin, X. and MacIntyre, N., 2017. Mechanisms Of Hypercapnea In Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Secondary Analysis Of The National Emphysema Treatment Trial. InC80-B. Multi-Modality Assessment Of Copd, Asthma, And Asthma-Copd Overlap SYNDROME(pp. A6485-A6485). American Thoracic Society.

Islam, Modernity, and Justice for Women

Table of Contents Introduction Islam and modernity Muslim Modernists’ views on modernity Fundamentalists’ views on modernity Islam and Justice for Women Conclusion References Introduction Islam is a monotheistic religion, which was introduced by Prophet Mohammed. Muslims consider Mohammed as the last prophet of God (Allah). â€Å"Islam is a noun derived from the trilateral root s-l-m which forms a large class of words mostly relating to concepts of wholeness, safeness, and peace. In religious context, Islam means voluntary submission to God or Allah (Kamrava, 2006, pp. 15-17).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Islam, Modernity, and Justice for Women specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Islamic religion is based on five pillars, which are the major concepts and mandatory acts of worship. The Islamic religion highly regards every aspect of humanity. It seeks to instill moral values such as peace, well being, and justice to its followers. Every Muslim should uphold these values. According to the Islamic religion, all human beings are equal before God or Allah. The Islamic religion also aims at producing whole-rounded Muslims with balanced personalities. This research paper examines the relationship between Islam, modernity, and justice for women. Islam and modernity Modernity refers â€Å"to a set of very large and important structural and material changes affecting people throughout the world† (Hunter, 2008, pp. 89-90). Therefore, modernity is a way of life in the contemporary world. It involves embracing change and new ideas. The modern mindset encourages individuals to make choices and queries, as well as, to engage in discussions (Cooper, 2000, p. 33). Various Muslim groups have reacted differently to the question of modernity. For instance, the Muslim modernists and fundamentalists differ in their views about modernity. Muslim Modernists’ views on m odernity The Muslim modernists are a group of devout and knowledgeable Muslims whose mission is threefold. The modernists seek to â€Å"define Islam by bringing out fundamentals in a rational and liberal manner; to emphasize the basic ideals of Islam; and to interpret the Islamic teachings in order to bring out its dynamism† (Cooper, 2000, pp. 77-78). The major aim of the Muslim modernists is to settle the differences that exist between secular rationalism and traditional beliefs, as well as, modernity and Islamic religion. Jamal al-Din al-Afghani has been credited to be the founder of Islamic modernism. According to al-Afghani, Muslims have a duty to apply the teachings found in the Quran to solve daily problems. Jamal al-Din al-Afghani strongly opposed the views of other Muslim scholars who were against the emergence of new ideas, which they considered a threat to the Islamic religion. Al-Afghani proposed that the Islamic religion should be vibrant and dynamic as stipulated in the Quran.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, one of the verses in the Quran states, â€Å"God can only change what is in a people until they change what is in themselves† (Keddie, 2000, pp. 100-101). Al-Afghani urged his followers to integrate change with religion in order to become better Muslims and to strengthen the Islamic faith. However, al-Afghani further states that Muslims should find their own way of integrating the modern changes into the Islamic faith. Jamal al-Afghani strongly believed that Muslims should embrace western knowledge, technology, as well as, western goods and services. However, al-Afghani cautioned Muslims to be selective in the process of embracing change from the west. He urged Muslims to acquire only what is beneficial and will enable them to have better living standards. Al-Afghani also introduced Islamic reformati on. This was a religious movement, which was comparable to the Christian reformation initiated by Martin Luther. Muhammad Abduh further spread Al-Afghani’s teachings. Muhammad Abduh was Al-Afghani’s student and a fervent follower of Al-Afghani. Muhammad Abduh stressed the importance of studying the Quran and applying logic and rationality. According to Muhammad Abduh, Muslims have the right to differ with the Ulama (Muslim religious scholars) incase the Ulama was irrational. Abduh encouraged his fellow Muslims to make use of reason, logic, and analysis in solving problems. Most Muslim modernists like Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, Muhammad Abdul, and Mahmud Muhammad Taha among others embraced modern western ideas and knowledge. Therefore, the Muslim modernists are not skeptical of western ideas. The Muslim modernists have embraced western ideas, which they consider beneficial to the Islamic religion and Muslim societies. They imaginatively synthesize â€Å"Islamic and weste rn ideas to produce a reasonable and relevant re-interpretation of Islamic thought with enlightened cosmopolitan, liberal, and realistic perspectives† (Keddie, 2000, pp. 137-138). According to the modernists, embracing modern changes not only makes individual Muslims to live better lives, but also leads to the advancement of Muslim societies. The modernists’ views have led to the integration of modern ideas into various aspects of Muslims’ lifestyles. For instance, a number of cultural, technological, and scientific changes have been witnessed in several Muslim societies. This flexibility to modern ideas is part and parcel of Islamic legal traditions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Islam, Modernity, and Justice for Women specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Islamic law also has room for new ideas and changes. For example, in the nineteenth century there was an attempt to build a mod ern state in Egypt. This move eventually led to the reformulation of the Islamic law. However, the reformulation of the Islamic law did not lead to the rewriting or abandonment of the elements of the Islamic laws. Fundamentalists’ views on modernity Fundamentalism dates back to the early years of 1920’s. â€Å"It was first used in the United States of America following the battles of leading evangelical Protestants against liberal and progressive spirits of the age† (Husain, 2009, pp. 10-11). Fundamentalism currently exists in all religions. Fundamentalism can hinder one from having a full understanding of a given religion because fundamentalists are rigid in the interpretation of religious texts. As a result, people may not get the deeper spiritual aspect of a religion. Therefore, due to the rapid change in the modern world, fundamentalist thinking may be rendered irrelevant. â€Å"The diverse nature and complexity of human problems require that religious text s to be interpreted by putting at the forefront the goal of the religion† (Hunter, 2008, pp. 65-66). Fundamentalism has a number of characteristics. First, fundamentalists are opposed to marginalization of the Islamic religion. Second, the fundamentalists believe that the world is characterized by two aspects namely, the light and the darkness. Third, the fundamentalists are selective and absolutist. Fundamentalists are also opposed to modernity since they consider it a threat to religion. However, failure to embrace modernity is likely to result into political crumble of any modern state. Fundamentalist thinking also tend to foster dictatorship and corruption in any given modern state. In most Muslim countries, there have been unbalanced rate of modernization, which has hampered the process of development. Despite the rapid changes that have been experienced technologically, politically, socially and economically, many Muslim countries have not embraced the changes. Modernity has more often been linked to westernization and secularization, which makes it unhealthy. â€Å"The unhappy predicament of nation building, modernizing and secularizing the Muslim world has given rise to a number of crises, afflicting the fragile nation states of developing world† (Cooper, 2000, p. 58). Therefore, the fundamentalist thinking to some extent have hindered the integration of change and new ideas into the Muslim societies.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Islam and Justice for Women Over the past three decades, a rapid growth in the Islamic faith has been witnessed. For example, a number of Islamic institutions such as Islamic banking, Islamic schools, and insurance companies have been established. Therefore, the Islamic religion is becoming more vibrant and active in Muslim societies and communities. This progress in the Islamic religion has had great impact on women. Despite the several changes that have been experienced in Islam, the Islamic legal system that handles issues affecting Muslim women have remained unchanged over the years (Hunter, 2008, p. 77). The legal system that has remained static since its formulation centuries ago continues to be used in matters pertaining to divorce, inheritance, and leadership roles. To a large extent, the Islamic legal system tends to favor men over women. Islamic fundamentalism has further led to subjugation and control of Muslim women. According to the fundamentalists, women are supposed t o perform primary roles such as housekeeping. They also prohibit social mixing of the different genders. In countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran and other Middle East countries, a lot of restrictions are put on women. For instance, it is a requirement for every woman to put on veils. Women are also not allowed to leave their houses without a guard or to occupy public offices (Hunter, 2008, p. 81). The challenges facing Muslim women have led to the emergence of Islamic feminism. However, scholars have differing opinions concerning the term Islamic feminism because of the nature of Muslim societies that emphasize patriarchy. The Muslim feminists continue to practice Islamic teaching while promoting democratic moral values of Islam. Muslim feminists use verses from the Quran to fight for their rights. In Indonesia, the Muslim feminist movement is based on values and tradition. They aim at promoting justice for women as advocated by the Islamic faith. Conclusion From the above discussio n, the Islamic religion continues to progress and to spread in different parts of the world. The Islamic religion also continues to influence almost every aspect of Muslims’ lifestyles. However, some of its adherents have not adopted the new ideas and tremendous social changes that have been witnessed globally. Most Muslims, especially, in Islamic states are still holding on to traditional religious beliefs that deny women of their rights. For instance, in countries like Afghanistan a woman is still treated as a weaker and an inferior being. As a result, most women in these countries have remained under the dominance of their husbands. Such practices in the Islamic faith violate women’s rights and deny them justice. However, there are Muslims who appreciate the new developments that have been witnessed globally. These groups of Muslims, who are also known as the modernists, have integrated the new ideas of the west into their societies by interpreting the Muslim law in accordance to societal needs and aspirations. Therefore, it is through this kind of flexibility that solutions to the problems that affect humanity today can be dealt with effectively. References Cooper, J. (2000). Islam and Modernity: Muslim Intellectuals Resond. New York: I.B. Tauris. Hunter, S. (2008). Reformist Voices of Islam: Mediating Islam and Modernity. New York: M.E. Sharpe. Husain, E. (2009). The Islamist: Why I Became an Islamic Fundamentalist. Chicago: Penguin Group. Kamrava, M. (2006). The New Voices of Islam: Reforming Politics and Modernity. New York: I.B.Tauris. Keddie, N. (2000). A Political Biography. Carlifornia: Univrsity of Carlifornia Press. This research paper on Islam, Modernity, and Justice for Women was written and submitted by user Lamar I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Thousand Paper Crane Book Report Essay Example

A Thousand Paper Crane Book Report Essay Example A Thousand Paper Crane Book Report Essay A Thousand Paper Crane Book Report Essay Sadako was a Japanese girl. When the atom bomb dropped in Japan, she was only a little baby. Her grandma was killed by the bombing. Today is a memorial day; the family did the tradition way to remember her, which is to set free a white drove. The new school year has begun; Sadako was excited to join the track team. But she kept feeling dizzy and was sent to the hospital. The doctor told her that she had Leukemia. She can’t believe it, that means that she has to stay in the hospital and can’t join the track team. The first couple day in the hospital was hard her sister reminded her story of the paper cranes. In that story if a sick people fold a thousand paper cranes, then the god will grain they wish and make they healthy again. She started to fold them and everyone she folded she feels a bit better. One day she met Kenji, who has Leukemia also. Kenji knew he is going to die soon. Just one day she Sadako was in form by the Nurse that Kenji had pass away. Sadako is afraid, some day she might be the next victim of the disease. Even though folding crane make her feel cheerful, but as day went by, she is getting weaker and weaker. Her mother cried everyday; she hated herself for making her mom feel sad. Later she can’t tell days and night anymore, and only wake up short amount of time, she’s too wake to fold crane anymore. And the six hundred and forty fourth cranes was the last crane she ever folded. During the World War II, United State drop an atom bomb on Hiroshima, on August 6, 1945, destroyed the down. Later causes many people have Leukemia. Sadako is one of them, even though she was far away from where the atom bomb. She never thought that some day she would get Leukemia. Ehen she had Leukemia the legend from her culture give her strength away hope. In the hospital, she met Kenji who also had Leukemia just like Sadako. Even though he wasn’t born when the atom bomb was drop in Japan, but he still got the disease from his mom, who passed away because Leukemia. This story is talk about how brave Sadako is when facing the deadly disease. Her culture is what supported her, her family and the story of the thousand paper cranes. When the atom bomb was drop, she was only a little baby. In 10 year the disease develop inside of her. The story take place in Hiroshima, Japan in other country, it wouldn’t have the story at all Atom bomb was the cause of her death, but her believe make her feel stronger inside. When I was reading this book, I would feel sad and hurt. Sadako is so young she doesn’t deserve to die. I don’t know how to explain that feeling, but the way the author wrote the story makes I feel that she’s some one I live and about to let me behind. From the beginning seeing her as the happy little girl whose excited and happy everyday to the strong girl who willing to face her own death, it’s not easy. If I were in that same situation, I wouldn’t know what to do. Another thing about this story is that it’s make me start to think of my own life, the rest of my life. No body will live forever, so we have to be grateful about the time we have. Sometimes, I also think about what would happen if we do die, how is it feel? But those questions can not be answer. Even though I am curious, I don’t want to know the answer, if I have to find that answer myself. I think it’s because how well the author written, but I still don’t care a lot about the author. Just because you like the last book, doesn’t mean that you going to like the next book by the same author. Different story base on different thought, and you might I always believe to let your heart tell you to choose what to read. No body knows you better than yourself. Every time I finish a chapter, I like to do a summery. I think that help me a lot when I do the summery for the whole story. Or sometime I like to put myself into the character and think, what would I do id I were her. That would help me to better understand the purpose of the writer. In this book, I think that it’s really easy; I don’t remember I have a lot of difficult parts or difficult vocabulary. I think if I do have difficult vocabulary, I would look into the dictionary. And from my experience in the past when I have difficult part I don’t understand, I would reread them and the previous and the next sentence to get the meaning. I’m not really sure what it mean by comfortable with this book, but by what I know, I think it’s good for all ages. This book it’s the easiest book I ever this year. It’s really easy and I think I would like to read something else that is more difficult. Even though I like to read something that’s easy, but I think it’s better for me to learn some new vocabulary. The reason I chose this book is because of my interest on World War II. And this is a historical fiction and its base on real story that happen after the atom bomb drop in Japan. Keep reading the same kind of setting of the book make it easier for me, because sometimes I don’t know what to read. So if I have an idea, it would be easier and not waste much time. Next time, I might read about the World War II again, or read something interest to me, which I don’t know what it is yet.

The Da Vinci Code


The Da Vinci Code†© Ever since Dan Brown’s novel The Da Vinci Code became a bestseller, critics never ceased coming up with a variety of different explanations as to this book’s popularity with the readers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Da Vinci Code specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, most of them do agree with a suggestion that the key to The Da Vinci Code’s popularity is being concerned with author’s ability to fuse religious and conspirological motifs into a one inseparable compound – thus, presenting readers within nothing less of an ‘intellectual bomb’, which sets off by being exposed to readers’ curiosity. In his book Key to the Da Vinci Code, Ferris (2005) points out to the fact that The Da Vinci Code’s very format established objective preconditions for this novel to be avidly read: â€Å"The book is a complex blend of symbolism, historical theories, sec ret societies and religion, which separately presented would make for some heavy reading†¦ In the context of a novel, however, a much wider audience is exposed to the ideas in the book† (Ferris 9). Nevertheless, it appears that the actual secret of Brown novel’s popularity is not being concerned with author possessing a supreme literary talent, as much as it is being concerned with the process of Western societies growing increasingly secularized, which results in these societies’ members becoming naturally inclined to think of religious dogmas from essentially desacralized perspective. As of today, a clear correlation can be seen between the quality of living in every particular country and the extent of citizens’ sense of religiosity – the higher are the standards of living, the lesser is the chance for those who enjoy these standards to be endowed with strong religious beliefs. For example, the number of practicing Christians in such countri es as Denmark, Sweden and Norway is estimated to account for only 1%-2% of total population. As Durkheim (1954) had rightly noticed in his famous book The Elementary Forms of Religious Life: â€Å"Religion no longer thrills us, because many of its aspects have passed into common usage to such a degree that we are no longer conscious of them, or because they do not meet our current aspirations† (Durkheim 30). At the same time, the conceptual matrix of Christianity continues to be considered by many policy-makers in the West as a source of divinely inspired morality. For example, it never even occurred to the former American President George Bush that there was anything wrong with him making references the to the ‘good book’, while explaining what had prompted him to decide in favour of attacking Iraq.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In its turn, t his explains why many intellectually advanced citizens are being subconsciously predisposed to pay a close attention to just about any work of literature or a movie, which is being aimed at desacralizing religion – by doing it, they establish themselves as rationale-driven and therefore, responsible individuals. Thus, Brown’s novel is best referred to as the intellectual by-product of post-industrial era, the socio-political realities of which point out to people’s sense of irrational religiosity as the ultimate indication of their lessened social value. This is exactly the reason why The Da Vinci Code is being banned from bookstores in countries where citizens’ lessened biological worth has been allowing Catholic Church to enjoy an undisputed religious and political authority, throughout the course of centuries (Philippines, Mexico, Peru), while contributing to these countries’ economic and geopolitical backwardness more than any other factor. App arently, intellectually inflexible individuals simply cannot handle a simple truth that just about any religion is not being divinely inspired, as self-appointed ‘servants of God’ would like us to believe, but man-made. And, once believers are being rid of their illusions, in regards to the essence of religion as nothing but simply a sublimation of people’s death-related anxieties, Church’s religious authority will get to be automatically delegitimized down to nothing. It goes without saying, of course, that the best way of undermining Catholic Church’s religious authority and revealing its true essence as nothing but one of the most lucrative and most shameless commercial enterprises that world has ever known, would be exposing ‘savior’ as a mortal individual, endowed with sexual urges, just like the rest of people. As one of novel’s most prominent characters, Sir Teabing had put it: â€Å"A child of Jesus would undermine the c ritical notion of Christs divinity and therefore the Christian Church, which declared itself the sole vessel through which humanity could access the divine and gain entrance to the kingdom of heaven† (Brown 216). Nevertheless, we cannot agree with religiously minded critics of The Da Vinci Code, who often refer to the plot of Brown’s novel as being based upon pseudo-historical speculations, and therefore – not worthy of readers’ attention.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Da Vinci Code specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apparently, it never occurred to Christian critics that, while referring to novel’s affiliation with the literary genre of fiction as the foremost proof to the sheer fallaciousness of the claims, contained in it, they actually contribute to promoting Brown’s cause even further – whatever the improbable it might sound. The reason for this is simple â₠¬â€œ while being encouraged to analyze what accounts for fictious motifs in The Da Vinci Code, readers are being simultaneously provoked to analyze what represents fictious motifs in the Bible. In his book The God Delusion, Dawkings (2006) had made a perfectly good point, while stating: â€Å"The only difference between The Da Vinci Code and the gospels is that the gospels are ancient fiction while The Da Vinci Code is modern fiction† (Dawkings 97). Despite the format of Brown’s novel, it does operate with a variety of historically proven facts, which Christians do not like discussing, simply because these facts leave very little doubt as to the Bible being anything but the actual ‘word of God’. For example, in his dialogue with the characters of Langdon and Sophie, Sir Teabing provides readers with the insight onto the fact that, before being incorporated into Christianity’s dogma as its integral element, the divinity of Jesus was actually voted up on by attendees of Council of Nicaea (325 A.D.): â€Å"At this gathering (Council of Nicaea)†¦ many aspects of Christianity were debated and voted upon the date of Easter, the role of the bishops, the administration of sacraments, and, of course, the divinity of Jesus† (Brown 199). As historical accounts indicate, during the course of the Council, its participants would never hesitate resorting to utilization of a naked force, in order to substantiate their pro and contra-divinity arguments. Here is how Grant (1975) describes the initial stages of the Council: â€Å"At the beginning, most of the bishops presented written accusations against selected colleagues. The charges could not have been theological, since the theological question had not yet been stated† (Grant 5).Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In other words, the recognition of Jesus’ divinity that had taken place during the course of the Council, was largely incidental the number of bishops who voted in favor of recognizing Jesus’ divinity simply happened to be slightly larger than the number of bishops who voted against. In all probability, mostly illiterate bishops did not even fully realize what would be the consequence of such their decision. And yet, Catholic Church never ceased referring to the Council of Nicaea as the birthplace of a so-called ‘holy tradition’, which is still being revered by devout Catholics as something that has been passed down to them by God himself. Therefore, it is not the historical inaccuracies, contained in The Da Vinci Code, which upset Catholic clergy the most, but the fact that Brown’s novel exposes the inner workings behind the respectful faà §ade of Catholicism. As it has always been the case, throughout the course of history, Church did not only a ctively try to slow down the pace of cultural and scientific progress in Europe, but it even strived to withhold the information about what Bible was all about from its own flock. Up until the time of Reformation, translating Bible from Latin into secularly spoken languages used to be considered a major sin, punishable by death. Apparently, in his novel Brown had succeeded with encouraging people to make critical inquiries about whether Catholic Church even has a right to claim any religious authority, in the first place, given its ‘glorious’ deeds in the past and also in the present. Why is it that those high-ranking Church’s officials who never get tired of preaching humility to believers, find it appropriate driving around in bulletproof limousines that often cost millions of dollars a piece? Why is it that, when they get ill, the ‘representatives of Jesus on Earth’ chose in favor of undergoing medicinal treatment in privately owned Swiss clinics, as opposed to relying on the ‘power of God’s miracle’ alone, as they expect ordinary believers to do? Why is it that the very term ‘Catholic priest’ is now being commonly perceived as synonymous to the term ‘child molester’? Why does Catholic Church continue to refer to the usage of contraceptives as ‘sinful’, hence contributing to the problem of overpopulation in the countries of Third World and ultimately, to the rise of mortality rates in this region of the world? Dan Brown can only be thankful for the fact that he does not live in time when Catholic Church was at the peak of its power (Dark Ages); because otherwise, Catholic ‘lambs of God’ would deal with the author of The Da Vinci Code rather decisively – tying him up to a pole and setting it on fire. As Nicolosi (2009) had put it in her article Just Say No to The Da Vinci Code: â€Å"You dont debate the devil. You do not give evil the authority to question God. ‘The Da Vinci Code’ represents a debate in which the questions start with Satans presumptions† (BeliefNet). Just as it is the case with just about any self-righteous Christian fundamentalist, Nicolosi would do her utmost, while combating what she believe represents evil. Unfortunately, it never occurred to this person, clearly not overburdened with intelligence, that one of the sources of all evil in the world are the uncritical religious beliefs, on the part of steadfast ‘lambs of God’, like herself. Thus, it would not be much of an exaggeration to suggest that, even though Brown’s novel does contain a fair amount of historical inaccuracies, it nevertheless represents an undeniable literary, historical and above all – educational value. By reading The Da Vinci Code, people will learn to adopt a critical attitude towards just about any issue, concerning the process of religious ‘wolfs in lamb’s skin’ ta king an advantage of citizens’ naivety, while proceeding with the agenda that has always been the foremost trademark of those who professionally work on behalf of an organized religion – the accumulation of material riches. We can say that, by publishing The Da Vinci Code, Brown had driven yet one more nail into the coffin of Christianity, as semi-religious cult of suicidally-minded desert-dwellers, which encourages people to exterminate ‘infidels’ (a particularly godly deed), which teaches them not to marry, not to wash before eating, not to tend crops, not to bury dead (Kingdom of heaven is at hand), and which had unleashed the hell on Earth (Crusades, Inquisition), well before the coming of a hypothetical Antichrist. Given the fact that, unlike Islam, Christianity had long ago ceased being ‘alive’ religion, one should simply ignore the hysterical reactions of ‘defenders of Christian faith’, in regards to the publishing of The D a Vinci Code – eventually, these people will learn that trying to discourage others from reading Brown’s novel is being just as futile as trying to bite their own elbows. The historically predetermined process of people coming to realization of the fact that God resides within, as opposed to residing up in clouds, simply cannot be stopped. And, the sooner particularly aggressive believers realize it, the better it will be for them. References Brown, Dan. The Da Vinci Code. Sydney: Anchor Books, 2009. Dawkings, Richard. The God Delusion. Toronto: Bantam Press, 2006. Durkheim, Emil. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. New York: The Free Press, 1954. Ferris, Stewart. Key to the Da Vinci Code. London: Crombie Jardine, 2005. Grant, Robert â€Å"Religion and Politics at the Council at Nicaea†. The Journal of Religion, 55.1 (1975): 1-12. Nicolosi, Barbara â€Å"Just Say No to The Da Vinci Code†. (2009) BeliefNet. 19 Aug. 2009.

Taylor's Main Principles of Scientific Management in Working Place Essay

Taylor's Main Principles of Scientific Management in Working Place - Essay Example Process are now clearly defined as well as how to do it that does not leave any room for intuitive job functioning. This is also to achieve uniformity and consistency in production and to make quality and output predictable. Scientific Management is an engineering approach to achieve efficiency in the workplace. Where the workplace or organization can be likened to a machine which is composed of several parts that should work together to achieve optimum efficiency. Principles of Scientific Management The first systematic attempt to address this conflict and labor recalcitrance in organization was directed by Frederick Winslow Taylor with his Scientific Management. For Taylor, the key to establishing an efficient and productive workplace required the possession and control of knowledge about the methods of production (Jaffe, 2008). Taylor's (1911) preface to the Principles of Scientific Management makes this quite clear when he stresses for national efficiency... first, it is teleolog ical in its orientation to means: what is important is securing the desired consequences. Second, in Taylor's philosophy, actions can be judged only by their consequences: a dogged empiricism is allied to an unquestioned grasp of the ends to be served. Third, ends are defined in terms of efficiency (primarily for factory owners) but are represented as the common good (Taylor, 1911). In pursuit of optimum efficiency, this Scientific Management engendered the idea of defining and breaking down of functions in narrowly defined tasks. Organization is viewed like a well-oiled machine where its parts, including labor would conform to the predetermined methods already in place. It proposed an engineering solution to a human issue with the objective of minimizing friction brought by human factor that the results of production may be predictable. According to Frederick Taylor, "Scientific Management is a distinctively scientific, since it aims to correlate in factory administration, and to p ush development further in accordance with the principles discovered (Taylor, 1911). According to Taylor (1911), the key features of scientific management are as follows: time study, functional or divided foremanship, the standardization of all tools and implements used in trades, the standardization of the acts and movements of workmen in each class of work, a unique planning function, management by the exception method, the use of slide-rules and other similar timesaving methods, instruction cards for workers, careful task Performance Improvement allocation, bonuses for successful performance, the use of a â€Å"differential rate,† a routing system, and mnemonic systems for classifying products and modern cost systems. The underlying principles of the philosophy are as follows: (a) the development of a true science for each element of a job, (b) the scientific selection and training of the worker, (c) cooperation with the worker to ensure that the job is being done in accor dance with principles of scientific education, and (e) an almost equal division of work and responsibility between workers and management (Wagner, 2007). Section 2. Case: Harvey Fast Food Restaurant I. Shift the decision making responsibility from the workers to managers   Decision making responsibility can be shifted to the managers from the workers when functions are broken down into specific tasks where it can be quantified for the managers to determine objective productivity output. In this way, the determination